Opioids

Opioids are a class of drugs that act on opioid receptors in the brain and spinal cord to reduce the perception of pain.

They can be highly effective for acute and cancer-related pain but carry risks of dependence, tolerance and side effects such as constipation, drowsiness and respiratory depression. In chronic non-cancer pain, their role is limited and careful monitoring is essential. Modern pain management emphasizes balancing opioid benefits with safer alternatives, including interventional and multidisciplinary approaches.